Chapter 8

In Chapter 8 Epstein talks about General Claims. He states that a general claim asserts something in a general way about all or part of a collection.
An example of a general claim is All people wear boots in the rain. This is not a valid claim because all people do not wear boots in the rain. Some people wear tennis shoes.
I also learned that in general claims "some" and "all" can be ambiguous. All means "Every single one, no exceptions." Sometimes "all" is meant as "Every single one, and there is at least one." Which reading is best may depend on the argument.
Some means "All least one." Sometimes some is meant as "At least one, but not all." Which reading is best may depend on the argument.
I also learned that another word used in general claims is no and only. No means "not even one," "every single one is not." Only is "Only S are P" means "All P are S."